Differences Between ABA and DIR/Floortime: Understanding Therapy for Autism

If you’re a parent of a child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), navigating the world of therapies can feel overwhelming. With so many options, it’s natural to wonder which therapy is the best fit for your child’s unique needs. Today, we’re going to explore two well-known approaches to autism therapy: Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) and DIR/Floortime®.

Both ABA and DIR/Floortime® are evidence-based interventions, but they differ significantly in their methods and philosophies. My hope is that by the end of this post, you’ll have a clear understanding of what each therapy offers and feel more empowered to make the right choice for your child. 

What is Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) Therapy?

ABA stands for Applied Behavior Analysis, which focuses on understanding and improving specific behaviors or observable behaviors. It’s rooted in behavioral science and works on the principle that behaviors can be taught and enhanced through reinforcement. ABA is widely used to help children with autism develop critical skills like communication, social interaction, and daily living skills.

How does ABA work?

With ABA, therapists break down tasks into small, teachable steps. For example, if a child struggles to make eye contact, the therapist might start by rewarding them for even a brief moment of eye contact, gradually increasing the time as the child improves. This is called positive reinforcement, and it (seemingly) helps encourage desired behaviors.

Common features of ABA include:

• One-on-one interventions tailored to the child’s individual needs.

• Data-driven methods to track progress.

• Structured environments to minimize distractions.

• Structured methods to increase positive behaviors such as communication and social interaction.

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ABA often takes place both at home and in therapy centers, and it’s known for its consistency and measurable results. 

What ABA Lacks: A Call for a More Compassionate Approach

Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) has long been considered the gold standard for autism intervention. It is rooted in behaviorist theory and focuses on observable behaviors while using reinforcement to encourage and shape desired actions.  But for all its data-driven results and appeal, it falls short in several ways, which is why it is not a primary intervention at our center.  

At its core, ABA is rigid. To put it simply, it prioritizes compliance over connection and performance over presence. It’s interventions teach children what to do and not necessarily the why behind it. It rewards behaviors that fit a mold, and in doing so, can strip away the natural variation, autonomy, and relational cues that make us who we are.

What’s missing is kindness. Compassion. The understanding that behavior is communication— something very important to listen to and not simply extinguish. 

Key limitations of ABA (as it is most commonly practiced):

• A Lack of Emotional Attunement: With a heavy focus on behavioral outcomes, ABA often overlooks the emotional needs of a child.

• Compliance Over Connection: Many of the interventions and strategies have one goal: compliance. Relationship building is secondary, which is ironic because safe relationships are the catalyst for lasting change and growth!

• An Absence of Flexibility: The rigid structure leaves little room for curiosity, creativity, or true relationship-building.

• The Potential for Harm: When children are rewarded for masking distress and punished for expressing it, we risk long-term emotional consequences.

  
  

It’s time to question results and “evidence-based” interventions. If a technique appears effective but erodes a child’s sense of safety and self, can we really call it a win?

What is DIR/Floortime® Therapy and Following the Child's Lead?

DIR/Floortime®, developed by Dr. Stanley Greenspan and Dr. Serena Wieder, takes a very different approach. DIR stands for Developmental, Individual Difference, Relationship-based model. This therapy focuses on fostering emotional connection and communication by meeting the child where they are in terms of both development and interests.

How does DIR/Floortime® work?

Rather than focusing on specific, measurable behaviors, DIR/Floortime® encourages spontaneous interaction, following the child's lead. A therapist or parent will join the child in their preferred play activity, adding gentle challenges to support their developmental goals. For example, if a child is lining up toy cars, the therapist might join in and say, “Wow, look how fast your red car is going. Can the blue car catch up?”

Core principles of DIR/Floortime® include:

• Building relationships and emotional connections.

• Honoring the child’s individual sensory and emotional needs.

• Using play to support developmental and communication milestones.

• Supporting the child's development through interactive play.

• Fostering emotional development by building strong relationships.

  
  

This approach is especially effective for children who thrive in environments that feel safe, flexible, and guided by their interests. Therapy sessions are designed to be interactive and engaging, often involving parents with the goal to improve and strengthen the parent-child relationship.

Who is DIR/Floortime® best suited for?

At Child Therapy Center of Los Angeles, we beleive it’s a great fit for everyone! DIR/Floortime® is a respectful approach that works well for kids and teens of all ages because it meets the child at their current developmental level and increases their capacity for growth, change, and learning. It’s also ideal for families who want to be actively involved in the therapy process, which are the families who love and choose Child Therapy Center of Los Angeles!

Key Differences Between ABA and DIR/Floortime®

Now that we’ve covered the basics, here’s how these therapies differ.

Aspect	ABA	DIR/Floortime®
Philosophy	Focuses on changing behaviors.	Focuses on relationships and emotional growth. A respectful approach recognizing individual differences. Focuses on human development.
Teaching Style	Structured, with clear goals and measurable steps.	Playful and child-led, based on their interests.
Parental Role	Parents may or may not be involved.	Parents play an essential role in the therapy process.
Skill Focus	Communication, daily living skills, behavior, and cognitive skills.	Emotional connection, self-regulation, and social interaction, while supporting social and relational challenges.
Environment	Very structured, at home or at a center.	Flexible, at a center, at home, or in natural settings.

While ABA leans toward a systematic approach, DIR/Floortime® places emphasis on individuality and emotional growth. We believe DIR/Floortime® is a clear better choice for most families but it is important to choose the approach that most aligns with your child’s unique goals and needs. 

Real-Life Examples of ABA and DIR in Action

Sometimes, seeing theory in practice makes all the difference. Here are two scenarios showcasing how these therapies might play out for the same challenge.

Challenge: A child frequently avoids group play with peers.

• ABA’s Approach: The therapist may create a structured environment where the child is rewarded for small steps, like standing near a group of peers, watching them play, and eventually joining the activity. 

• DIR/Floortime® Approach: The therapist might notice what kind of play the child naturally enjoys, like building with blocks. They’ll engage the child one-on-one first, then gently invite peers to join, encouraging a sense of connection and safety. While the child’s sense of safety and confidence increases, there is a natural progression towards playing with others.

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Both approaches aim to support the child, but their methods differ significantly.

More Frequently Asked Questions

Can ABA and DIR be combined?

Yes! Many families choose to integrate both approaches, using the structure of ABA for skill acquisition and the play-based, emotional focus of DIR/Floortime® for relationship-building. Combining these approaches can help increase positive behaviors while also fostering emotional connections. 

How long do these therapies take?

There’s no one-size-fits-all answer. ABA programs often recommend 20–40 hours a week for significant progress, while DIR/Floortime® can vary depending on the child’s needs and family involvement. 

Are these therapies covered by insurance?

ABA is more likely to be covered by insurance due to its measurable outcomes. Coverage for DIR/Floortime® may require additional advocacy or out-of-pocket investment, depending on your provider. 

Which Approach is Right for Children with Autism?

Choosing between ABA and DIR/Floortime® is all about finding the right match for your child’s personality, needs, and developmental goals. 

• Consider DIR/Floortime® if: Your child thrives on emotional connections and enjoys creative, play-based learning. 

  
  

• You might also consider observing both therapies in action or speaking to a specialist who can guide you through this personal decision.

Supporting Your Journey

Therapy isn’t a one-size-fits-all solution, and it’s okay to feel uncertain as a parent. At Child Therapy Center LA, we focus on fostering human development through tailored body-based therapeutic approaches. We believe that all kids are inherently good and simply need the right tools to thrive. Whether your child needs structure, emotional support, or a mix of both, we’re here to help you find what works best.

If you’d like to discuss your child’s unique needs or learn more about therapy options, schedule a call with us today. Together, we can help your child reach their fullest potential.